The winger of Manchester United and Portugal became the first player from the Premier League to win the prize.
Ronaldo, 23, beat AC Milan Kaka, Fernando Torres of Liverpool and Barcelona, Lionel Messi and Xavi for the prestigious title.
"It's a great moment in my career and I want to dedicate this award to my family, friends and colleagues," said the star.
His 42 goals for Manchester United last season helped the Old Trafford club clinch the Premier League and Champions League double.
Ronaldo, who also collected the European Player of the Year crown in December and the FIFPro World Footballer of the Year in honor of October, he paid special tribute to United manager Sir Alex Ferguson.
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"It is also true that the director always has a role to play. It was a great season for me and for my club and the coach is important to me because I learned a lot from him," he added.
"His experience over many years is very important - it is a privilege to have a great club manager.
"This is the climax of a fantastic season for me. I am happy and proud of what has been done by my team and what we have won.
"I am lucky to be part of the history of a club like Manchester United."
The coaches and captains of 155 national teams took part in the vote for the award, with Messi finished second ahead of Torres, Xavi and Kaká.
Ronaldo is the second Portuguese player to pick up the honor Fifa after Luis Figo's victory in 2001.
Meanwhile, Brazilian forward Marta, who joins Los Angeles in the new Sun of women in the U.S. professional league, he collected his third award of women - like the record set by German Birgit Prinz.
"This is an incredible achievement for me," said 22-year-old, who has spent five years in the Swedish club Umea and that was part of the Brazil team that finished as runners to the United States in the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.
"This game has given me so many great moments of joy. This award is fantastic and I would like to thank everybody, thank you very much."
England and Arsenal Ladies striker Kelly Smith was one of the five nominees for the title.